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In this article we will explore the fascinating world of Holikachuk language, a topic that has captured the attention of experts and enthusiasts alike. Whether we are talking about the life of a historical figure, an in-depth analysis of a current topic, or a milestone event in history, Holikachuk language has been the subject of debate, study, and admiration over time. In the following lines we will delve into all aspects related to Holikachuk language, from its origins to its impact on today's society, offering a complete and enriching vision for our readers.
Holikachuk | |
---|---|
Doogh Qinag | |
Native to | United States |
Region | Alaska (lower Yukon River, Innoko River) |
Ethnicity | Holikachuk |
Extinct | 2012, with the death of Wilson Deacon or 2023 with the death of Mary Deacon |
Latin (Northern Athabaskan alphabet) | |
Official status | |
Official language in | ![]() |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | hoi |
Glottolog | holi1241 |
ELP | Holikachuk |
Holikachuk (own name: Doogh Qinag) is a recently extinct Athabaskan language formerly spoken at the village of Holikachuk (Hiyeghelinhdi) on the Innoko River in central Alaska. In 1962, residents of Holikachuk relocated to Grayling on the lower Yukon River. Holikachuk is intermediate between the Deg Xinag and Koyukon languages, linguistically closer to Koyukon but socially much closer to Deg Xinag. Though it was recognized by scholars as a distinct language as early as the 1840s, it was only definitively identified in the 1970s. Of about 180 Holikachuk people, only about 5 spoke the language in 2007. In March 2012, the last living fluent speaker of Holikachuk died in Alaska.
James Kari compiled a short dictionary of Holikachuk in 1978, but Holikachuk remains one of the least documented Alaska Native languages.
Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | sibilant | lateral | ||||||||
Plosive/ Affricate |
plain | tθ ⟨ddh⟩ | t ⟨d⟩ | ts ⟨dz⟩ | tɬ ⟨dl⟩ | k ⟨g⟩ | q ⟨G⟩ | ʔ ⟨ʼ⟩ | ||
aspirated | tθʰ ⟨tth⟩ | tʰ ⟨t⟩ | tsʰ ⟨ts⟩ | tɬʰ ⟨tł⟩ | kʰ ⟨k⟩ | qʰ ⟨q⟩ | ||||
ejective | tθʼ ⟨tthʼ⟩ | tʼ ⟨tʼ⟩ | tsʼ ⟨tsʼ⟩ | tɬʼ ⟨tłʼ⟩ | kʼ ⟨kʼ⟩ | qʼ ⟨qʼ⟩ | ||||
Fricative | voiceless | θ ⟨th⟩ | s ⟨s⟩ | ɬ ⟨ł⟩ | χ ⟨x⟩ | h ⟨h⟩ | ||||
voiced | ð ⟨dh⟩ | z ⟨z⟩ | ɮ ⟨l⟩ | ʁ ⟨gh⟩ | ||||||
Sonorant | voiced | m ⟨m⟩ | n ⟨n⟩ | j ⟨y⟩ | ŋ ⟨ng⟩ | |||||
voiceless | n̥ ⟨nh⟩ | j̊ ⟨yh⟩ | ŋ̊ ⟨ngh⟩ |
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Near-close | ɪ ⟨i⟩ | ʊ ⟨u⟩ | |
Close-mid | eː ⟨e⟩ | oː ⟨oo⟩ | |
Open-mid | ɔː ⟨o⟩ | ||
Open | aː ⟨a⟩ |
A a | D d | Ddh ddh | Dh dh | Dl dl | Dz dz | E e | G g |
Gg gg | Gh gh | H h | I i | K k | K' k' | L l | Ł ł |
M m | N n | ng | nh | O o | Oo oo | Q q | Q' q' |
S s | T t | T' t' | Th th | Tl tl | Tl' tl' | Ts ts | Ts' ts' |
Tth tth | Tth' tth' | U u | X x | Y y | yh | Z z | ' |