Wiki90: 90s Style Encyclopedia on the Web
This article will address the topic of Turtle (syntax), which has been the object of interest and study in various areas throughout history. From its origins to the present, Turtle (syntax) has been the subject of debate, research and controversy, making it a fundamental reference point for understanding different aspects of human life. Through a detailed and rigorous analysis, the implications and meanings of Turtle (syntax) will be explored, as well as its relevance in the current context. Likewise, different perspectives and approaches will be analyzed that will shed light on this broad and diverse topic. Thus, we will seek to offer a complete and enriching vision that contributes to the knowledge and understanding of Turtle (syntax) in all its dimensions.
Filename extension |
.ttl |
---|---|
Internet media type |
text/turtle |
Developed by | Dave Beckett |
Latest release | RDF 1.1 Turtle (REC) 25 February 2014 |
Type of format | Semantic Web |
Container for | RDF data |
Extended from | N-Triples, Notation3 |
Extended to | TriG_(syntax) |
Website | www |
In computing, Terse RDF Triple Language (Turtle) is a syntax and file format for expressing data in the Resource Description Framework (RDF) data model. Turtle syntax is similar to that of SPARQL, an RDF query language. It is a common data format for storing RDF data, along with N-Triples, JSON-LD and RDF/XML.
RDF represents information using semantic triples, which comprise a subject, predicate, and object. Each item in the triple is expressed as a Web URI. Turtle provides a way to group three URIs to make a triple, and provides ways to abbreviate such information, for example by factoring out common portions of URIs. For example, information about Huckleberry Finn could be expressed as:
<http://example.org/person/Mark_Twain> <http://example.org/relation/author> <http://example.org/books/Huckleberry_Finn> .
Turtle was defined by Dave Beckett as a subset of Tim Berners-Lee and Dan Connolly's Notation3 (N3) language, and a superset of the minimal N-Triples format. Unlike full N3, which has an expressive power that goes much beyond RDF, Turtle can only serialize valid RDF graphs. Turtle is an alternative to RDF/XML, the original syntax and standard for writing RDF. As opposed to RDF/XML, Turtle does not rely on XML and is generally recognized as being more readable and easier to edit manually than its XML counterpart.
SPARQL, the query language for RDF, uses a syntax similar to Turtle for expressing query patterns.
In 2011, a working group of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) started working on an updated version of RDF, with the intention of publishing it along with a standardised version of Turtle. This Turtle specification was published as a W3C Recommendation on 25 February 2014.
A significant proportion of RDF toolkits include Turtle parsing and serializing capability. Some examples of such toolkits are Redland, RDF4J, Jena, Python's RDFLib and JavaScript's N3.js.
The following example defines 3 prefixes ("rdf", "dc", and "ex"), and uses them in expressing a statement about the editorship of the RDF/XML document:
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
@prefix ex: <http://example.org/stuff/1.0/> .
<http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar>
dc:title "RDF/XML Syntax Specification (Revised)" ;
ex:editor [
ex:fullname "Dave Beckett";
ex:homePage <http://purl.org/net/dajobe/>
] .
(Turtle examples are also valid Notation3).
The example encodes an RDF graph made of four triples, which express these facts:
Here are the triples made explicit in N-Triples notation:
<http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar> <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title> "RDF/XML Syntax Specification (Revised)" .
<http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar> <http://example.org/stuff/1.0/editor> _:bnode .
_:bnode <http://example.org/stuff/1.0/fullname> "Dave Beckett" .
_:bnode <http://example.org/stuff/1.0/homePage> <http://purl.org/net/dajobe/> .
The MIME type of Turtle is text/turtle
. The character encoding of Turtle content is always UTF-8.
TriG RDF syntax extends Turtle with support for named graphs.