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Amendement Bricker
Dans le monde d'aujourd'hui, Amendement Bricker a acquis une grande importance dans divers domaines de la société. Son impact s'est fait sentir dans la politique, la culture, la technologie et la vie quotidienne des gens. Amendement Bricker a généré des débats, des controverses et des changements importants qui ont marqué un avant et un après dans l'histoire récente. Dans cet article, nous explorerons en profondeur l'importance de Amendement Bricker, ses implications et son influence sur différents aspects de la vie moderne. De ses origines à ses conséquences, nous analyserons en détail le rôle que joue Amendement Bricker dans le monde actuel et sa projection dans le futur.
Sans cesse repoussé par Eisenhower, l'amendement obtint 60 voix contre 31 au Sénat.
Chronologie
Chronologie des dates importantes concernant l'Amendement:
: le sénateur Bricker introduit la première version de son amendement : S.J. Res. 102.
: le sénateur Bricker introduit une proposition révisée : S.J. Res. 130, soutenue par 58 autres, incluant tous les Républicains sauf le sénateur Eugene Millikin du Colorado.
: le comité judiciaire du Sénat commence des auditions sur S.J. Res. 130.
: la seconde session du 82e Congrès se clôt sans action quant à S.J. Res 130.
Bibliographie
(en) John W. Bricker. John W. Bricker Reflects Upon the Fight for the Bricker Amendment. Edited by Marvin R. Zahniser. Ohio History. Vol. 87, no. 4. Autumn 1978. 322–333.
(en) Robert A. Caro. The Years of Lyndon Johnson : Master of the Senate. New York : Alfred A. Knopf, 2002. (ISBN0394528360).
(en) Richard O. Davies. Defender of the Old Guard : John Bricker and American Politics. Columbus, Ohio : The Ohio State University Press, 1993.
(en) Frank E. Holman. The Life and Career of a Western Lawyer, 1886–1961. Baltimore, Maryland : Port City Press, 1963.
(en) Frank E. Holman. The Story of the “Bricker Amendment”. New York City : Fund for Constitutional Government, 1954.
(en) Nelson Richards. The Bricker Amendment and Congress's Failure to Check the Inflation of the Executive's Foreign Affairs Powers, 1951-1954, 94 Cal. L. Rev. 175 (2006).
(en) Duane Tananbaum. The Bricker Amendment Controversy : A Test of Eisenhower's Political Leadership. Ithaca, New York : Cornell University Press, 1988.
(en) United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Treaties and Executive Agreements : Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary, Eighty-second Congress, Second Session, on S. J. Res 130, Proposing an Amendment to the Constitution of the United States Relating to the Making of Treaties and Executive Agreements. Washington, D. C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1952.
(en) United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Constitutional Amendments. Treaties and Executive Agreements : Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary, Eighty-third Congress, Second Session, on S. J. Res 1, Proposing an Amendment to the Constitution of the United States Relating to the Making of Treaties and Executive Agreements, and S. J. Res 43, Proposing an Amendment to the Constitution of the United States Relating to the Legal Effects of Certain Treaties. Washington, D. C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1953.
(en) United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Constitutional Amendment Relative to Treaties and Executive Agreements, 83rd Congress, 1st session. Senate Report 412. Calendar 408. Washington, D. C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1953.
(en) United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Constitutional Amendments. Treaties and Executive Agreements : Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary, Eighty-fourth Congress, First Session, on S. J. Res 1, Proposing an Amendment to the Constitution of the United States Relating to the Legal Effects of Certain Treaties and Other International Agreements. Washington, D. C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1955.
(en) United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Constitutional Amendments. Treaties and Executive Agreements : Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Eighty-fifth Congress, First Session, on S. J. Res 3, Proposing an Amendment to the Constitution of the United States Relating to the Legal Effect of Certain Treaties and Other International Agreements. Washington, D. C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1958.